Shell commands as follows:

System & Hardware Information

Command	Description
arch	Show system architecture
cat /boot/cmdline.txt	Kernel boot parameters
cat /etc/os-release	OS release information
cat /proc/cpuinfo	CPU information
cat /proc/devices	Character/block device drivers
cat /proc/device-tree/model && echo “”	Raspberry Pi hardware model
cat /proc/filesystems	Supported filesystems
cat /proc/iomem	System memory map
cat /proc/loadavg	Load average
cat /proc/meminfo	Memory information
cat /proc/misc	Misc drivers registered
cat /proc/modules	Loaded kernel modules
cat /proc/mounts	All active mounts
cat /proc/partitions	Partition details
cat /proc/stat	Kernel/system stats
cat /proc/uptime	System uptime
cat /proc/version	Kernel version string
date	Show date/time
hostnamectl	Host & OS info (systemd)
id	User identity information
journalctl -b	Logs from current boot
lscpu	CPU information
lsinitramfs /boot/initrd.img-$(uname -r)	Show initramfs contents
lsmem	Memory block summary
lsmod	Show loaded modules
lshw -short	Hardware summary
pstree -p	Visual process tree
raspi-gpio get	GPIO pin states
sensors	Hardware sensor info
systemctl list-unit-files –state=enabled	Enabled systemd services
systemctl list-units –failed	Failed systemd units
uname -a	Kernel, architecture, hostname
uptime	Human readable uptime
vcgencmd get_config int	Pi integer config values
vcgencmd get_mem arm && vcgencmd get_mem gpu	ARM/GPU memory split
vcgencmd get_throttled	Throttle/voltage warnings
vcgencmd measure_clock arm	ARM core clock
vcgencmd measure_temp	CPU temperature
vcgencmd measure_volts core	Core voltage
w	Logged-in users and terminals

Processes, Services & Users

Command	Description
env	Environment variables
groups <username>	Group membership
history	Shell history
htop	Enhanced process viewer
jobs	Background jobs
lslogins	Last logins
ps	Processes info
sudo -l	Sudo permissions
systemctl list-timers	Active systemd timers
systemd-analyze blame	Slowest boot services
systemd-analyze critical-chain	Boot critical path
w	Logged-in users

Packages & Software

Command	Description
apt-cache policy <package>	Package version/source info
apt-cache show	Package metadata
apt list –installed	Installed packages
debsums -c	Check modified package files
dpkg –get-selections	Installed package list
dpkg -L <package>	Files provided by package
man	Manual pages

Storage & Filesystems

Command	Description
blkid	Filesystem UUID/type
df /	Root filesystem usage
df -h	Disk usage summary
df -i	Inode usage
du -sh /var/*	Largest directories
find	Find files
lsblk	Block devices
mount	Current mounts
smartctl -a /dev/sda	SMART disk info
tune2fs -l /dev/mmcblk0p2	ext filesystem info

Networking & Connectivity

Command	Description
dig http://www.google.co.uk	DNS lookup
ifconfig	IP info
ip address	Interface IP info
ip -s link	Interface statistics
ip route show	Routing table
iptables -L	Firewall rules
iwconfig	Wireless config
iwlist wlan0 scan	Scan wireless networks
iwlist wlan0 scan | grep ESSID	SSID list
mtr 8.8.8.8	Traceroute + ping
netstat -lp	Listening ports
nslookup google.com	DNS lookup
ping -c 4 8.8.8.8	Connectivity test
resolvectl status	DNS resolver info
rfkill list	Wireless block status
ss -tulpn	Socket list
wpa_cli status	Wi-Fi status

Security & Authentication

Command	Description
fail2ban-client status	Fail2Ban status
grep -E “deny|fail” /var/log/auth.log	Authentication failures
ufw status verbose	Firewall status

Performance / Monitoring / Benchmarking

Command	Description
dmesg	Kernel messages
dmesg –level=err,warn	Kernel errors & warnings
free -h	Memory usage
iostat -xz 1	IO performance
stress-ng	Stress testing
top -bn1	One-shot process view
vmstat 1	CPU/memory/IO stats
pidstat 2	Per-process performance stats

Files, Directories & File Metadata

Command	Description
cat	View file contents
echo “$(expr $(</sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone0/temp) / 1000)’C	GPU temperature
file	File type info
grep	Search text
head	First 10 lines
ls -l	Directory listing
pwd	Current directory
tail	Last 10 lines